In this way, a victim device could unknowingly send all its network traffic to this attacker and carry out two different types of attacks: The ARP Poisoning attack consists of poisoning the ARP table of a victim, making it believe that the router is the attacker, with the aim that the victim forwards all its traffic to this attacker to perform a sniffing of each and every one of the connections that to carry out. The ARP protocol was not designed with the aim of being secure, so it does not verify at any time that the response to an ARP request really comes from a legitimate host, anyone could impersonate another host easily and quickly, performing a ARP Poisoning attack. The ARP poisoning attacks are specifically targeted at this entry, and now we will explain why. One of the most important entries in the ARP table is the one displayed by the router, usually the first IP address in the subnet.
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In this way, if a given computer does not know the MAC of an IP address, it must send an ARP request packet, requesting the corresponding MAC address from other computers. We can see all the ARP tables of the different network cards that we have, a very important detail is that we can remove or put IP-MAC pairs from this ARP table manually.Īll computers keep this ARP table as a cache, so it will be temporarily renewed or when new computers appear with which we want to communicate, that is, it is a dynamic table and changes depending on the communications that we are going to make. In the following image you can see the private IP addresses (Internet addresses) and also the MAC addresses of all the devices (physical address).
The ARP protocol is responsible for forming a table with the IP-MAC pair, and that the different computers on the local network can communicate with each other without problems, in addition, it also ensures that the computers can communicate with the router to access the Internet Since the router will also have a LAN IP address and a MAC address, where different PCs and devices will send their frames to be managed by the router. The ARP protocol allows network communications to reach their destination correctly, its objective is to translate IP addresses (logical addresses) to a MAC address (physical addresses) and vice versa. The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) protocol is one of the fundamental protocols in IPv4 networks, without this protocol we could not obtain an IP address by DHCP or communicate with other computers, even if we have put a private IP address on our computer. Today in this article we are going to explain what an ARP Poisoning attack does, how it is done with the popular Kali Linux distribution and how we can protect ourselves from this attack on the network. If a cybercriminal carries out this attack correctly, they will be able to intercept all communications between the victim and the Internet connection, in addition, with somewhat more advanced techniques, they could even modify the traffic on the fly and even "lift" the security of the HTTPS protocol to make it HTTP and violate our security. ARP Poisoning attacks or also known as ARP Spoofing, are one of the most well-known and dangerous Man in the Middle attacks that we can find in wired and wireless networks.
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